Trade finance

Supplier credit

Evaluate the price and cash-flow consequences when a supplier gives its customer time to pay.

Quick answer

Supplier credit is credit extended by a supplier through deferred payment terms for goods or services. Evaluate the credit period, down payment, instalments, interest or price adjustments and any supporting financing. The supplier's customer terms and its own funding arrangements require separate review.

Use the worked example

Meaning and transaction use

UK Export Finance describes credit terms through the duration of credit, upfront payments and the start of repayments. Its supported terms depend on the export contract and relevant programme requirements. Those programme conditions should not be applied automatically to an ordinary supplier-credit arrangement. [S1]

Proposed transaction method: compare the seller's receipts schedule with its supplier, payroll and delivery costs. Ask the buyer to model the same instalment dates. If a bank or other financier is involved, identify who owes whom and which payments discharge the buyer's obligation.

Worked example

Illustrative example only. Assume a USD 500,000 contract with 20% paid upfront and the remaining balance paid in four equal quarterly principal instalments. Assume no interest, fees, taxes or additional adjustments.

Scroll the table horizontally to view all columns.

PaymentCalculationAmount
Upfront500,000 x 20%USD 100,000
Deferred principal500,000 - 100,000USD 400,000
Each quarterly instalment400,000 / 4USD 100,000

The agreed receipt schedule in this example totals USD 500,000. The supplier must separately model the cost of funding the USD 400,000 deferred balance and any timing mismatch with its own cash obligations.

Proposed transaction review process

Set the commercial schedule

Record price, deposit, delivery milestones and each repayment date.

Assess affordability

Test the buyer's repayment source and the supplier's funding capacity.

Document the structure

Reconcile credit terms, any security, assignment and third-party financing.

Track performance

Maintain an instalment ledger, receipt evidence and an agreed escalation process.

Evidence checklist

Commercial agreement

Price, currency, credit period, deposit and repayment schedule.

Buyer information

Repayment forecast and dated financial or credit evidence relevant to the exposure.

Supplier cash plan

Delivery costs, upstream payments, financing availability and maturity dates.

Funding documents

Actual interest, fees, recourse and transfer or security provisions where a financier participates.

Decision framework

SituationProposed action
Buyer requests a smaller depositQuantify the additional supplier funding requirement before agreeing revised terms.
Supplier proposes to finance receivablesConfirm that the sale terms and proposed financing documents work together.
Milestones slipReconcile whether payment dates move and update both parties' schedules.
A support programme is proposedVerify current programme eligibility and written terms with the relevant provider.

Common errors to check

  • Presenting deferred payment as having no economic cost because the invoice shows no interest.
  • Assuming the supplier can finance every receivable on the same terms.
  • Confusing the buyer's instalment obligation with the supplier's bank borrowing.
  • Applying another transaction's deposit percentage or credit period as a universal requirement.

Test the deferred-payment structure

Prepare the contract price, receipt schedule, delivery costs and proposed funding terms for review.

Discuss the transaction

Primary references and editorial scope

  1. UK Export Finance: Guide to Credit Terms
    Meaning of credit terms and the transaction-specific nature of supported terms. Reference checked 17 September 2026.
Editorial qualification

No export-credit agency support, bank approval or customer creditworthiness is represented. The example and workflow are editorial illustrations. Contractual and programme requirements need separate verification.

General business information. Obtain advice appropriate to the legal, tax, accounting and financing facts. No offer, lender commitment or transaction outcome is represented. All worked examples use expressly assumed figures. Editorial draft date: 17 September 2026.

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